Rare Dermatology News
Spotlight On
Melanoma
Melanoma is a malignancy of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) located predominantly in the skin, but also found in the eyes, ears, GI tract, leptomeninges, and oral and genital mucous membranes.
Prevelance
<1 / 100 000
Age of Onset
ICD-10
C43.9
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
Mitochondrial/Multigenic
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
5 Facts you should know
FACT
New cases of melanoma are increasing annually at almost 6%.
It is estimated that the number of new melanoma cases diagnosed in 2021 will increase by 5.8 percent.
FACT
Melanoma can be colorless.
While it’s true that many melanomas are dark brown to black in color, some melanomas have no color and appear as pink spots or bumps.
FACT
The majority of melanoma-related deaths occur in patients initially diagnosed with early-stage disease.
There are an estimated 130,000 patients diagnosed with invasive, non-metastatic cutaneous melanoma annually in the US. Most of these patients (estimated to be more than 100,000) are diagnosed with early-stage (Stage I-II) disease. Despite recent advances in treatment, the majority of melanoma-related deaths occur in patients initially thought to be low risk.
FACT
The false-negative rate of the SLNB procedure is reported to be between 5-21%.
While SLNB provides prognostic information the procedure has significant limitations including no survival benefit, low sensitivity, and a surgical complication rate of 11%.
FACT
Genomic testing more accurately identifies high-risk melanoma tumors.
When compared with traditional staging, genomic testing can provide a more accurate and personalized assessment of the risk of tumors metastasizing or recurring.
Interest over time
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Common signs & symptoms
Nevus
Mole
Abnormal hair morphology
Abnormality of the hair
Abnormality of the lymphatic system
Dry skin
Freckling
Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function
Neoplasm of the breast
Retinopathy
Noninflammatory retina disease
Current treatments
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.
Encorafenib + binimetinib
(Brand name: Braftovi + Mektovi) - Manufactured by Array BioPharma, Inc.
FDA-approved indication: June 2018, approved in combination for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test.
Pembrolizumab
(Brand name: Keytruda) - Manufactured by Merck, Sharp & Dohme Corp
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor.
Trametinib
(Brand name: Mekinist) - Manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline, LLC
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations as detected by an FDA approved test.
Nivolumab
(Brand name: Opdivo) - Manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor. And treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph nodes or metestatic disease who have undergone complete resection.
Top Clinical Trials
| Title | Description | Phases | Status | Interventions | More Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IO102-IO103 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in Advanced Melanoma (IOB-013 / KN-D18) | Phase 3, multicenter, international, open-label, randomized, 2-arm trial investigating the safety and efficacy of IO102-IO103 in combination with pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for patients with previously untreated unresectable or metastatic (advanced) melanoma. | Phase 3 | Recruiting | Drug: IO102-IO103|Drug: Pembrolizumab | Click here for more information |
| Efficacy of Daromun Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Treatment in Clinical Stage IIIB/C Melanoma Patients | The trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of Daromun neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy to improve in a statistically significant manner the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of Stage IIIB/C melanoma patients with respect to the standard of care (surgery and adjuvant therapy). | Phase 3 | Recruiting | Drug: Daromun|Procedure: Surgery|Drug: Adjuvant therapy | Click here for more information |
| A Clinical Trial of Three Study Medicines (Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and Pembrolizumab) in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma | The purpose of this study is to learn about the effects of three study medicines (encorafenib, binimetinib, and pembrolizumab) given together for the treatment of melanoma. | Phase 3 | Recruiting | Drug: Encorafenib|Drug: Binimetinib|Drug: Pembrolizumab | Click here for more information |
| Study to Compare Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Bempegaldesleukin Combined With Nivolumab Versus Nivolumab After Complete Resection of Melanoma in Patients at High Risk for Recurrence | The main purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab versus nivolumab in patients with completely resected Stage IIIA/B/C/D, or Stage IV cutaneous melanoma who are at high risk for recurrence. | Phase 3 | Recruiting | Biological: Bempegaldesleukin|Biological: Nivolumab | Click here for more information |
| CMP-001 in Combination With Nivolumab Compared to Nivolumab Monotherapy in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma | CMP-001-011 is a Phase 2/3 study of CMP-001 intratumoral (IT) and nivolumab intravenous (IV) compared to nivolumab monotherapy administered to participants with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. | Phase 2|Phase 3 | Recruiting | Drug: CMP-001|Drug: Nivolumab | Click here for more information |
| Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab Versus Standard Adjuvant Nivolumab in Macroscopic Stage III Melanoma | This phase II/III trial studies the side effects of nivolumab and ipilimumab when given together with or without sargramostim and to see how well they work in treating patients with stage III-IV melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery | Phase 3 | Recruiting | Drug: Neoadjuvant ipilimumab + nivolumab|Drug: Adjuvant nivolumab | Click here for more information |
| A Phase II/III Trial of Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and GM-CSF in Patients With Advanced Melanoma | This phase II/III trial studies the side effects of nivolumab and ipilimumab when given together with or without sargramostim and to see how well they work in treating patients with stage III-IV melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery. | Phase 2|Phase 3 | Recruiting | Biological: Ipilimumab|Biological: Nivolumab|Biological: Sargramostim | Click here for more information |
| Evaluation of the Length of Treatment With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors | The investigators are proposing a trial that will randomize patients who have disease stability to stop treatment at 1 year or continue treatment until disease progression. The investigators anticipate that the results of this study will answer questions regarding the optimal duration of treatment. therapy. | Phase 3 | Recruiting | Drug: Continue PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors treatment|Other: Discontinue PD-1/PD-L1-1 inhibitor | Click here for more information |
Top Treatments in Research
| Agent | Class/Mechanism of Action | Development Status | Company | Clinical Studies | More Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IO102-IO103/Pembrolizumab | IO102-IO103 is an investigational cancer vaccine designed to target the immunosuppressive mechanisms mediated by key immunosuppressive proteins such as Indoleamine 2,3-dehydrogenase (IDO) and PD-L1.Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is a humanized monoclonal antibody to programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), which results in an increased immune reactivity that can break tolerance and is used in the immunotherapy of cancer. | Phase 3 | IO Biotech | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| Daromun | Daromun (Philogen) is a combination of Darleukin, a human vascular targeting monoclonal antibody (L19) fused to interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Fibromun, the L19 antibody linked to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). | Phase 3 | Philogen | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| Encorafenib/Binimetinib/Pembrolizumab | Encorafenib is a small molecule BRAF inhibitor that targets key enzymes in the MAPK signaling pathway. Binimetinib is an uncompetitive, small molecule inhibitor of selective mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2). .Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is a humanized monoclonal antibody to programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), which results in an increased immune reactivity that can break tolerance and is used in the immunotherapy of cancer. | Phase 3 | Pfizer | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| Bempegaldesleukin/Nivolumab | Bempegaldesleukin is a PEGylated interleukin-2 (IL-2) acting as a CD122-preferential IL-2 pathway agonist designed to activate and proliferate CD8 + T cells and NK cells. Nivolumab is a human recombinant monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) which has distinctive immunomodulatory activity and is used in cancer immunotherapy. | Phase 3 | Nektar Therapeutics | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| CMP-001/Nivolumab | Anti-Qβ-coated CMP-001 induces IFN-α production by pDCs which has secondary effects on a variety of cells including monocytes. Nivolumab is a human recombinant monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) which has distinctive immunomodulatory activity and is used in cancer immunotherapy. | Phase 2|Phase 3 | Checkmate Pharmaceuticals | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| Neoadjuvant ipilimumab + nivolumab/Adjuvant nivolumab | Ipilimumab, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4. Nivolumab is a human recombinant monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) which has distinctive immunomodulatory activity and is used in cancer immunotherapy. | Phase 3 | The Netherlands Cancer Institute | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| Ipilimumab/Nivolumab/Sargramostim | Ipilimumab, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4. Nivolumab is a human recombinant monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) which has distinctive immunomodulatory activity and is used in cancer immunotherapy. | Phase 2|Phase 3 | National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |
| Continue PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors treatment/Discontinue PD-1/PD-L1-1 inhibitor | PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors are a group of checkpoint inhibitor anticancer drugs that block the activity of PD-1 and PDL1 immune checkpoint proteins present on the surface of cells. | Phase 3 | Antoinette J Wozniak, University of Pittsburgh | Click here for more information | Click here for more information |