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Disease Profile

Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

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Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Hypotrichosis lymphedema telangiectasia syndrome; HLTS; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis syndrome;

Categories

Blood Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Kidney and Urinary Diseases;

Summary

Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome (HLTS) is a rare condition that, as the name suggests, is associated with sparse hair (hypotrichosis), lymphedema, and telangiectasia, particularly on the palms of the hands. Symptoms usually begin at birth or in early childhood and become worse over time. HLTS is thought to be caused by changes (mutations) in the SOX18 gene. It can follow both an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, depending on the affected family. There is currently no cure for the condition. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.[1][2][3]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the lymphatic system
0100763
Absent eyebrow
Failure of development of eyebrows
0002223
Absent eyelashes
Failure of development of eyelashes
0000561
Alopecia
Hair loss
0001596
Palmar telangiectasia
0100869
Plantar telangiectasia
0100870
Predominantly lower limb lymphedema
0003550
Sparse body hair
0002231
Sparse scalp hair
Reduced/lack of hair on scalp
Scalp hair, thinning
Sparse, thin scalp hair
sparse-absent scalp hair

[ more ]

0002209
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Cutis marmorata
0000965
Hydrocele testis
0000034
Palpebral edema
Fullness of eyelids
Puffy eyelids
Puffy lids
Swelling of eyelids

[ more ]

0100540
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
0001541
Dermal atrophy
Skin degeneration
0004334
Hydrops fetalis
0001789
Pleural effusion
Fluid around lungs
0002202
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of the dentition
Abnormal dentition
Abnormal teeth
Dental abnormality

[ more ]

0000164
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis
0001790
Sparse hair
0008070
Thin skin
0000963
Toenail dysplasia
Abnormal toenail development
0100797

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

References

  1. HYPOTRICHOSIS-LYMPHEDEMA-TELANGIECTASIA SYNDROME. OMIM. June 2015; https://www.omim.org/entry/607823.
  2. Wünnemann F, Kokta V, Leclerc S, Thibeault M, McCuaig C, Hatami A, Stheneur C, Grenier JC, Awadalla P, Mitchell GA, Andelfinger G, Preuss C. Aortic Dilatation Associated With a De Novo Mutation in the SOX18 Gene: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of Hypotrichosis-Lymphedema-Telangiectasia Syndrome. Can J Cardiol. April 2015;
  3. Downes M, François M, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Koopman P. Vascular defects in a mouse model of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome indicate a role for SOX18 in blood vessel maturation.. Hum Mol Genet. August 2009; 18(15):2839-2850.