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Disease Profile
Hansen’s disease
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
Unknown
Age of onset
All ages
ICD-10
A30.0 A30.1 A30.2 A30.3 A30.4 A30.5 A30.8 A30.9
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Leprosy
Categories
Bacterial infections; Male Reproductive Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
Summary
Hansen's disease (also known as leprosy) is a rare bacterial infection that affects the skin, nerves and mucous membranes. After exposure, it may take anywhere from 2 to 10 years to develop features of the condition. Once present, common signs and symptoms include skin lesions; muscle weakness or paralysis; eye problems that may lead to blindness; nosebleeds; severe pain; and/or numbness in the hands, feet, arms and legs. Hansen's disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae; however, the way in which the bacterium is transmitted (spread) is poorly understood. It appears that only about 5% of people are susceptible to the condition. Hansen's disease is easily treated with combination
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology | 0012332 | |
Acral ulceration | 0006121 | |
Acute episodes of neuropathic symptoms | 0003489 | |
Dissociated sensory loss | 0010835 | |
Enlarged peripheral nerve | 0012645 | |
Hyperkeratosis | 0000962 | |
Hypohidrosis |
Decreased ability to sweat
Decreased sweating
Sweating, decreased
[ more ] |
0000966 |
Hypopigmented macule | 0020073 | |
Impaired temperature sensation |
Abnormality of temperature sensation
Loss of temperature sensation
[ more ] |
0010829 |
Paresthesia |
Pins and needles feeling
Tingling
[ more ] |
0003401 |
Skeletal muscle atrophy |
Muscle degeneration
Muscle wasting
[ more ] |
0003202 |
Skin nodule | 0200036 | |
Sparse body hair | 0002231 | |
5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormality of facial skeleton |
Anomaly of facial skeleton
|
0011821 |
Abnormality of the seventh cranial nerve | 0010827 | |
Abnormality of the upper respiratory tract |
Upper respiratory tract issues
|
0002087 |
Absent eyebrow |
Failure of development of eyebrows
|
0002223 |
Alopecia |
Hair loss
|
0001596 |
Constrictive median neuropathy | 0012185 | |
Corneal ulceration | 0012804 | |
Decreased corneal sensation | 0012155 | |
Epistaxis |
Bloody nose
Frequent nosebleeds
Nose bleed
Nose bleeding
Nosebleed
[ more ] |
0000421 |
Facial shape deformation | 0011334 | |
Foot dorsiflexor weakness |
Foot drop
|
0009027 |
Hyperalgesia | 0031005 | |
Loss of eyelashes |
Eyelashes fell out
Missing eyelashes
[ more ] |
0011457 |
Paralytic lagophthalmos | 0030003 | |
Penetrating foot ulcers | 0001026 | |
Steppage gait |
High stepping
|
0003376 |
Urticarial plaque | 0030351 | |
Verrucous papule | 0012500 | |
1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormality of bone marrow |
0005561 | |
Abnormality of the adrenal glands |
Adrenal abnormalities
|
0000834 |
Abnormality of the liver |
Abnormal liver
Liver abnormality
[ more ] |
0001392 |
Abnormality of the spleen | 0001743 | |
Blindness | 0000618 | |
Corneal perforation | 0100583 | |
0000501 | ||
Enlarged male breast
|
0000771 | |
Iritis |
Inflammation of iris
|
0001101 |
Testicular mass | 0032404 | |
Uveitis | 0000554 |
Treatment
FDA-Approved Treatments
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.
- Clofazimine(Brand name: Lamprene®) Manufactured by Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of lepromatous leprosy, including dapsone-resistant lepromatous leprosy and lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum leprosum.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal - Thalidomide(Brand name: Thalomid) Manufactured by Celgene Corporation
FDA-approved indication: Acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and as maintenance therapy for prevention and suppression of the cutaneous manifestations of ENL recurrences.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Medline Plus Health Information
Related diseases
Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.
Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
|
---|
Differential diagnosis includes hypochromic eczematides, annular granuloma, annular erythema, dermatophyties and annular sarcoidosis in TLep, and pityriasis versicolor, post-inflammatory hypomelanosis, hypochromic or papulo-nodular sarcoidosis, Kaposi sarcoma, syphilis, lymphoma, cutaneous leukemia in LLep.
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.
|
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (ILEP)
Avenue de France, 23
1202 Geneva
Switzerland
Telephone: + 41 22 710 08 57
Fax: + 41 22 710 08 99
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.ilepfederation.org/
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- You can obtain information on this topic from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC is recognized as the lead federal agency for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States.
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Merck Manual for health care professionals provides information on Hansen's disease.
- MeSH® (Medical Subject Headings) is a terminology tool used by the National Library of Medicine. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Hansen's disease. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Hansen's Disease (Leprosy). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. April 2013; https://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/index.html.
- Leprosy. MedlinePlus. September 2013; https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001347.htm.