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Disease Profile

Haim-Munk syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

Q82.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

HMS; Keratosis palmoplantaris with periodontopathia and onychogryposis; Cochin Jewish disorder

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders; Mouth Diseases;

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 2342

Definition
Haim-Munk syndrome (HMS) is characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, severe early-onset periodontitis, onychogryposis, pes planus, arachnodactyly and acroosteolysis.

Epidemiology
HMS is rare with less than 100 cases reported in the literature so far. The majority of reported cases are descendants of a few consanguineous families from a religious isolate in Cochin, India. One unrelated Brazilian patient has also been reported.

Clinical description
HMS presents with severe and extensive skin manifestations. In addition to the marked palmoplantar keratosis, patients have scaly erythematous and circumscribed patches on the elbows, knees, forearms, shins and dorsum of the hands. Severe, early-onset progressive periodontitis that affects both the deciduous and permanent dentitions and presents with gingival inflammation and alveolar bone destruction is a hallmark of the disease. Onychogryposis, arachnodactyly, acroosteolysis and pes planus are additional features that help to distinguish HMS from other forms of palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. A peculiar deformity of the fingers (tapered, pointed phalangeal ends and a claw-like volar curve) is typical. Destructive arthritis of the wrist and shoulder joints has been reported in isolated cases. Patients with HMS have increased susceptibility to infections.

Etiology
HMS is caused by germline mutations in the lysosomal protease cathepsin C (CTSC) gene mapped to chromosome 11q14.1-q14.3. Mutations in the same gene cause the clinically related disorders Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) and prepubertal periodontitis (see these terms).

Diagnostic methods
Diagnosis is clinical but can be confirmed by detection of the disease-causing mutation.

Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis includes the allelic disorder PLS and disorders with palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and prepubertal periodontitis.

Genetic counseling
HMS is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

Management and treatment
Management of the skin manifestations requires topical emollients, keratolytics (including salicylic acid and urea) and oral retinoids (acitretin, etretinate, and isotretinoin). Periodontitis in HMC is usually unresponsive to traditional periodontal therapies. Patients may benefit from extraction of the primary teeth combined with oral antibiotics and professional tooth cleaning. Synovectomy has been shown to alleviate the inflammation associated with destructive arthritis but may lead to loss in the range of the joint motion.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Arachnodactyly
Long slender fingers
Spider fingers

[ more ]

0001166
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Congenital palmoplantar keratosis
0007545
Onychogryposis
Thick nail
Thickened nails

[ more ]

0001805
Osteolytic defects of the phalanges of the hand
Breakdown of small bones of fingers
0009771
Pes planus
Flat feet
Flat foot

[ more ]

0001763
Recurrent bacterial skin infections
0005406
Severe periodontitis
0000166
Tapering pointed ends of distal finger phalanges
0006224

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Haim-Munk syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.